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Power Transformer Efficiency Classes Explained: S11 vs S13 vs S22 Loss Levels Under IEC 60076-20
2026-08-11
Power transformer efficiency classes have evolved from S9 → S11 → S13 → S20 → S22 as China's GB 20052, EU Regulation 548/2014, and IEC 60076-20 progressively tightened loss li...
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How to Size an Oil-Immersed Power Transformer: kVA Sizing Calculation, Demand Factor and Overload Margins
2026-08-10
Sizing an oil-immersed power transformer is a five-step decision tree.
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How Solar EPCs Specify Step-Up Transformers for 100MW+ PV Plants: Vector Group, Impedance Voltage, and Neutral Grounding Resistor Compliance
2026-08-07
A procurement-side guide for solar EPC teams specifying step-up transformers for utility-scale PV plants, covering vector group selection, impedance voltage coordination with inverters, and IEEE ...
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SF6-Free GIS vs AIS vs Conventional GIS: Green Building Comparison
2026-08-06
Footprint, O&M cost, and disposal compared for European green building MV switchgear projects.
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